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Magnetic Fluids Experiment

Man’s material wealth has usually started with fairly concentrated ore bodies that are mined, beneficiated, refined, and then manufactured into material objects. Following their use and abuse, the objects are discarded and wind up as spots of rust while the sources of raw materials become scattered haphazardly over the lithosphere. Mining and metallurgical sorting practice … Read more

Extraction of Chromium from Chromite Ore

Chromium has a wide variety of applications in the modern world. Its major uses are in stainless steels and the plating of metals. Other important uses include alloy steel, heating elements, pigments, leather processing, catalysts, and refractories. Of the chromite ore imported into the USA, the metallurgical industry consumed about 59 pct, the chemical industry … Read more

Zinc Concentrate Roasting & Cadmium

Cadmium is not the principal recoverable constituent in any ore, but it does occur at a ratio of about 1:200 with zinc. If lead and zinc are considered major products, then the major metal byproduct of the zinc industry was the more than 3 million pounds of cadmium produced in the United States in 1978 … Read more

Autogenous Grinding & Semi Autogenous Grinding Circuits

Size reduction is the most expensive operation in most mills. Crushing and grinding usually require the greatest portion of capital costs and often make up 60-70 percent of total mill operating costs as shown in Figure 1. Selection of the proper crushing and grinding method must, therefore, be done with great care to be sure … Read more

Grinding Circuit Simulation

These programs and the simulation algorithms are discussed below. Note that in some Grinding Circuit Simulations, a residence time distribution model is used. In the MRRC simulation package, however, only the two extremes of well mixed and plug flow through the mill are considered. This approach reduces the amount of input information and computation required … Read more

Zinc Regrind

The flotation section starts with a bulk concentrate float for lead and copper using four rows of eleven cells each as roughers and scavengers. The froth taken off the roughers is then pumped to a two stage cleaner circuit. Scavenger froth and cleaner tails are returned back to the head of the rougher circuit. Froth … Read more