Iron Ore Pelletizatton Layering Mechanism
Pelletization is the unit operation of agglomerating moist particulate materials by tumbling in horizontal rotating drums or inclined discs. Pelletization has extended the life of iron ore industry by enabling the treatment of low grade iron ores which are available in large reserves through out the world. Iron ore pelletization is a two step process […]
Batch Flocculation of Fines
Flocculation is the process of agglomerating fine particles in solid-liquid suspension by using a high molecular weight long chain polymer as a flocculant. It is used industrially as a pretreatment step to solid-liquid separation and also as a separation method for recovering valuable minerals from gangue using selective flocculation. Spontaneous floc formation takes place due […]
Dewatering Flocculated Clay with Centrifuge
The dewatering of flocculated clay suspensions by compression in a centrifugal field has been investigated. The results are evaluated with regard to both direct applicability to centrifugal dewatering, in solid-bowl centrifuges for example, and indirect applications to gravity sedimentation systems. It is well known that sediment consolidation under gravity depends on structural characteristics such as […]
Effect of Collector and Frother on Copper Flotation
The flotation process may be considered an interactive system consisting of many chemical, operational, and equipment variables. Changing any one of these variables causes an overall system response change. This study examines the effects of simultaneously changing the operating variables of: (1) frother concentration and air flow rate, and (2) frother concentration and collector concentration. […]
Tri-Flo
During several years of operation in Europe, South Africa and other countries, the Tri-Flo has demonstrated to represent a substantial improvement of the dense medium dynamic separation systems. The reasons are: high sharpness separation due to the multistage system and the application of new concepts m designing the regeneration circuit and controlling the medium rheology: […]
Collectorless Sulphide Flotation
Evidence for the floatability of sulphide minerals without collector is analyzed and it is shown that results obtained with ores, in contrast to those with single minerals or mineral mixtures, depend on many additional variables, some identified and others not. Because of the prevailing low levels and costs of collectors for most sulphide ores, it […]
Amine Flotation Systems
Using a Mark IV surface force apparatus, adsorption of dodecylamine hydrochloride on mica has been studied at pH 5.7 in the presence and absence of octanol. With amine alone, the repulsive forces between mica surfaces are reduced due to charge neutralization and attractive hydrophobic force; however, the latter is of relatively short-range with its decay […]
Cut Off Grade Calculation Optimization
Cutoff grade is defined as the grade that is normally used to discriminate between ore and waste within a given orebody. Although the definition of cutoff grade is very precise, the choice of a cutoff grade policy to be used during an exploitation of a deposit is not. Use of simply calculated breakeven cutoff grades […]
Kaolin Pigments
Kaolin is a white, naturally occurring, hydrated aluminum silicate that is formed by the weathering of feldspar. Commercially significant deposits of paper grade kaolin are located in Georgia and South Carolina in the southeast United States, the Cornwall District of England, Brazil, and Australia. Kaolin deposits are classified as primary or secondary deposits depending on […]
Mine Dewatering System Design
Dewatering of a surface or underground mine can be a significant production cost. Total costs include both the capital costs for wells, pumps, and water-disposal facilities and the operating costs for pumping, treatment and disposal of the water. Such costs are minimized when the present value of the capital and operating costs is minimized. The […]