Duplex Steel Making Process
The reasons for manufacturing steel by the duplex process are, briefly: saving of time; increasing output for capital invested; and avoiding the difficulty sometimes experienced in obtaining scrap. On account of the latter reason, some plants duplex only at such times as the price and quantity of scrap in the open market warrant. At some […]
Mine Shaft Sinking Methods
Conventional mine shaft sinking methods involve the performance of a cycle of different operations—drilling and blasting, removal of smoke and cleaning of fly-rock lodged on overhead timbers, mucking and hoisting of the broken rock, and timbering. The latter (a) may be the last operation of the cycle, (b) may be carried on during drilling and […]
Mine Shaft Sinking Costs
Costs of sinking a mine shaft vary with the size and depth of the shaft; nature of the rock (the ease with which it can be drilled and broken, and the nature and amount of support required); amount of water that must be handled, speed of sinking, organization of the work, and the equipment employed; […]
Mine Shaft Sinking Equipment
The technical literature is replete with descriptions of and data on shaft sinking equipment, methods and costs. The subject of shaft sinking has been discussed at some length in an earlier Bureau of Mines bulletin. A number of shaft-sinking operations are described in detail in the series of information circulars on mining methods and costs, […]
Cupellation Losses & Assaying Error
Cupellation is well known to be one of the most effective methods of separating silver and gold from base metals and other impurities, as well as one of the most accurate means for their estimation. In the latter application it consists in absorbing in some porous medium the fused lead, oxide formed by the oxidation […]
Driving an Underground Mine Adit: Methods & Equipment
Although practices in vogue for many years are still employed in small-scale operations, decided advances have been made, particularly in the last decade and especially in connection with large-scale operations. Contributing to this are introduction of mechanical loading equipment, mechanical ventilation, availability of cheap power, improved rock-drilling equipment, use of drill carriages and tenders in […]
Electricity with Copper and Zinc Sulphate: Daniell Cells
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Copper Precipitation Methods
In a leaching process, having obtained the copper in solution, the choice of the precipitation method is influenced by the following factors: Availability of precipitant. Adaptability to the leaching process. Final product desired. Regeneration of leaching solutions. Fouling of solutions. There are three general classes of copper precipitation methods: 1. The copper precipitation by use […]
How Frother Affects Flotation
At otherwise constant conditions, the prediction of R and K trends with increasing frother concentration is difficult and not uniform in nature. This is due, in part, to the observation that the pure concentration effect of a given frother on R and K is often dominated by interactions with particle size, collector type, pH, degree […]
How to Select a Mine Entrance Location
The main opening is usually a permanent one that will be utilized throughout the life of the mine. It should, therefore, be so situated relative to the ore bodies that it will not be disturbed by ground movement caused by ore extraction and with a view to low maintenance cost. It is advantageous, other things […]