Cyclone Separators for Solvent Extraction in Metallurgy
Solvent extraction as a method of purifying and concentrating metal values from solution has become a standard hydrometallurgical operation for recovery of both uranium and vanadium, and within the past two years it has been put into operation in a commercial plant for recovery of copper from leach solutions. In this first full scale solvent […]
Iron Ore Crushing & Grinding Controls
The Iron Ore Industry has perhaps seen more varied and drastic changes in its approach to crushing and grinding in the last 5 years than any of the other mineral industries. Multimillion ton per year plants have become common place. Centralized control and computers have become an established benefit. Autogenous grinding along with a variety […]
Copper Electrolite Solution Filtration
The electrolyte in-between the active electrodes must be purged with higher velocities to maintain a high concentration of the desirable copper ion in the liquid film adjacent to the cathode and the sulfate ion in the liquid film at the anode. This higher velocity also carries away from the cathode the undesirable impurities released from […]
Grinding Circuit Control – South Africa
In a minerals-recovery context, the object of exercising control over milling operations must be threefold. To achieve maximum recovery at minimum operating costs and making maximum use of installed equipment. Milling is one of a sequence of operations which have as their objective the economic recovery of minerals from mined ores. All operations in the […]
Using a Crusher to Control Autogenous Grinding Circuit
In an autogenous grinding circuit in which feed at approximately nine inches top size is reduced to a size suitable for subsequent processing, the build-up of a “critical size” fraction in the media causes problems. A “critical size” fraction has been defined as, “media too small to effect reduction by impact grinding of ore coarser […]
Feed-Forward Control for Grinding Circuits
Feed-forward control ( i.e. the forward flow of information in a control system ) is a simple and flexible approach to over-all control of a ball mill-rake classifier grinding circuit. The system described here uses mill power, feed rate, mill dilution water flow rate, and classifier dilution water flow rate only, to control mill load, […]
Large Tonnage Fine Crushing Plants – Trade-Off Study
Common practice for size reduction of run-of-mine or run-of-pit ore in preparation for subsequent treatment utilizes a three-stage system. First stage, or primary breaking is generally carried out with jaw or gyratory crushers. The usual output from this stage provides a feed for fine crushing in the size range of 6 to 10 inches. Factors […]
Chromium Electroplating
Electroplating is a widely utilized but little understood process, the fact that the average person is in contact with dozens of plated items daily without even being aware that they are electroplated is evidence of the success of the process, although a complete explanation of electrodeposition involves thermodynamics and modern theories of bonding and catalytic […]
Bulk Sampling Method
Bulk sampling is define as the “process of extracting a small fraction of material from a large bulk sufficiently representative for the intended purpose”. Today’s pressing need for simple, effective and reliable sampling systems is intensified by the growing demand for quality control as a means to cope with inflation, competition and rapidly increasing consumption […]
Blasting Mechanics
The term “powder factor” is almost universally accepted as the measure of the efficiency of a blasting program. It represents the economics of blasting since it designates quantity of explosive (thereby providing quality control in rock fragmentation) in terms of the associated volume broken. It is the wide use of this concept that explains the […]