Reconnaissance sampling of high calcium (HC) limestones in New Mexico has been reported by Siemers (1982), Jicha (1956), and Kottlowski (1962). Numerous articles describe the limestone units in and near the state, such as Armstrong (1958) for west-central New Mexico, Mississippian and Pennsylvanian Systems in the state (Armstrong, and others, 1979), Pennsylvanian units in south-central … Read more
A background on the history of boron is useful for those not familiar with the industry. More than 4,000 years ago, goldsmiths may have found the first commercial use for borax as a flux in making jewelry. Boron is found commercially in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, China, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Peru, Russia, Turkey, and the United … Read more
Fly ash is classified as a natural pozzolan and finds significant use as a cement additive. It has been found to increase the plasticity of the cement mixture while lowering the amount of mix water needed. In addition to improving leveling and finishing properties, fly ash improves pumpability as well as decreases the heat of … Read more
Ground calcium carbonate (GCC) is used in the paper, plastics, paint, rubber, caulks, and sealants industries. The favorable properties of GCC include high whiteness and brightness, low hardness, and outstanding rheology in water systems. The quality of calcitic GCC ores, which include chalk, limestone, and marble, is dependent on calcite purity and the nature and … Read more
Agitative agglomeration is the process of the consolidation of particles into larger shapes by means of agitation with a liquid. Most fine powders can readily be formed into granular masses by admixture with a liquid and by utilizing a suitable agitation method. Ideally, each particle should be coated with the liquid by stirring or moving … Read more
Slags generated by the ferrous-metals industry can be used to produce high-tech ceramic materials. The properties of these ceramics can be controlled by judicious choices of composition, additives, and processing parameters. Standard methods of materials handling, such as comminution and mixing, are as applicable to slag as to any other mineralogic raw material. Materials and … Read more
Chemical Processes-Pigment Grade Titanium Dioxide by Hydrochloric Acid Leaching The following reactions give the chemistry of this process: CaTiO3 + 4HCl = TiOCl2 + CaCl2 + 2H2O The titanium is in solution as TiOCl2. It is then hydrolyzed to TiO2 as follows: TiOCl2 + H2O = TiO2 +2HCl The hydrolysis is brought about by dilution … Read more
Preparation of ZrO2 from ZrCl4: The products of chlorinated zircon which consist mainly of zirconium tetrachloride and silicon tetrachloride are collected under the afore-mentioned conditions. This collected ZrCl4 is calcined at 900°C for 1 hour to produce commercial grade of ZrO2. Fig. (5) shows that a maximum recovery of ZrO2 of – 92% is obtained from … Read more
Reducing the inorganic sulfur in coal to tolerable limits by physical beneficiation, including flotation, as now practiced, still is relatively inefficient and has not kept pace with the more sophisticated physical beneficiation approaches employed by the nonfuel minerals industry in general. As one phase of a broad program conducted by the Mineral Resources Institute on … Read more
Crushing of mica prior to pneumatic processing technique were studied for concentrating coarse mica. Muscovite and phlogophite are the two major commercial mica minerals. However, this research was conducted exclusively with muscovite, and throughout this paper mica will mean muscovite. Two primary forms of commercial mica are (1) sheet mica and (2) scrap and flake … Read more