Steady-State Pit Dewatering Simulations: Steady-state simulations of the observed potentiometric surface of the aquifer were used to calibrate the model. Calibration is the procedure by which initial input parameter values are adjusted to produce a more accurate simulation of the observed potentiometric surface. Initially, the field values of hydraulic conductivity, aquifer recharge, streambed permeability, and … Read more
This paper describes the production of cold or low temperature bonding method using sponge iron powder as a binder for iron bearing material after balling. Development of cold bonding pellet methods Theoretical foundation of the cold bonding pellet method The bonding mechanism of cold bonding pellets using sponge iron powder as a binder is based on … Read more
The answer to the question of how to economically move bulk materials for the industrial plant is an important facet of plant engineering. Should it be by rail, truck, tramway, water, belt conveyor, or a combination of these methods? Each system is different, and must be examined. Proximity to navigable water, terrain, availability of land, … Read more
Resource Recovery for Municipal Solid Waste Disposal—An Overview Archeological information on the nature of man’s earliest societies comes primarily from examination of discarded materials left on what was then open countryside. In a nomadic society, populating the surface of the earth very sparsely, there was no reason for concern. Even as man “settled down” and … Read more
Formation and Transport of Acid or Toxic Leachate The factors which control the quantity and quality of leachate formed from mining wastes are many and complex. These factors include not only the physical and chemical characteristics of the waste, but also climatological, hydrological, geological, and biological factors. The method of waste disposal and the selection … Read more
Each year the mining industry generates tremendous quantities of solid wastes as a byproduct of the mining and concentration or preparation of valuable ores, minerals and coal. In addition, the quantities of these wastes generated on a yearly basis is increasing due to: increased production resulting from rising demand, the depletion of near surface high-grade … Read more
The currently proposed method for the recovery of alumina from nonbauxitic materials involves acid leaching (Figure 1). Primary emphasis is on kaolin clays. To date, leaching by nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, and sulfurous acid has been considered, and it appears that leaching with hydrochloric acid (25-27%) is the most practical process. The first step in … Read more
The mention of Garnet as a Gem is one of the very common misunderstandings about this mineral. The Garnet as a semiprecious stone does not belong in the story of Garnet, the industrial tool, and yet it shares with the diamond the double, virtue of being a thing of beauty and utility. Prior to about … Read more
The Bureau of Mines investigated the flotation responses of two copper nickel ore samples from the Duluth Complex with the objective of recovering bulk sulfide concentrates. One of the ores studied was taken from a test pit; the other was taken from a test shaft. The samples were quite similar except that the pit sample … Read more
Under its mission to effect pollution abatement, the Bureau of Mines began intensified research seeking means for economically disposing of the large amounts of Florida phosphatic clay wastes and reclaiming the mined land. The clays, which are discharged from the processing plants at about 3 to 5 pct solids , have colloidal characteristics and are … Read more