Lock Hopper Slurry Pump
The pumping of abrasive and sometimes corrosive slurries is normally carried out at modest heads (say 100 ft) with specially designed centrifugal pumps. When heads become higher than this, two or more pumps are used in series but ultimately the system requires staged pumps with consequent increase of costs. The only other type of pump […]
Kaolin Mining and Processing
Kaolin is an important industrial mineral because it exhibits desirable properties in many applications and because of its relatively low cost. Approximately 2,000,000 tons of kaolin from Georgia and South Carolina are processed and used commercially in the United States each year. Strictly defined, the name kaolin is applied to a group of hydrous aluminum […]
Hydraulic Backfilling a Method of Ground Support
Problems of mine backfilling and fill material deposited underground, the characteristics and relationship between the deposited fill material and overlying ground, and the practical applications and limitations of hydraulic backfilling as ground support are discussed. Ground Pressure and Backfill There are many theories explaining the formation and distribution of stresses around underground excavations. It has […]
Dyna Whirlpool Process
The success of Heavy Media Separation, the static sink-float process, is evidenced by the operation of an estimated 300 installations treating many millions of tons per year of a wide variety of mineral products ranging in value from gravel to diamonds. The static heavy media process is usually limited to the treatment of plus ¼ inch […]
Concentration of Tin Ore by Selective Oil Agglomeration
Agglomeration, as used throughout this report, refers to a mineral dressing process in which the desired mineral, namely cassiterite, is selectively separated from the gangue minerals by attachment to a crude oil. This process is analogous to flotation except that the sought after mineral is collected by crude oil rather than air bubbles. The ore […]
Oxided Copper Ore Leaching
The principal characteristics of the process is that when applied in medium or in great degree, it only needs unelaborated raw materials such as sodium chloride and calcium carbonate, or of medium elaboration, as sulphur which is found in large quantity in the North of Chili however, the system may be also applied to small […]
Control of Flotation Recovery using Regression Analysis
The concentrator of Bonneville Ltd. at Wendover, Utah, processes a feed obtained by solar evaporation of a brine containing sodium and potassium chlorides with minor amounts of impurities. Salable potassium chloride concentrate is produced from this feed in two steps: flotation with amine reagents to concentrate the potassium chloride, and washing of the concentrate with […]
Comminution in Brittle Solids from Hypervelocity Impacts
Comminution is an old art. Unfortunately the analysis of the unit operations has been handicapped by the lack of both theoretical and experimental information. Two types of information are needed, one an understanding of what happens when a particle breaks in a brittle manner; and two, an understanding of what happens when the daughter fragments […]
Crushing and Grinding Circuit Automation
Most modern crushing and grinding facilities are automated to some degree. Some, of course, have a very minimum of automatic control whereas others utilize very complex control equipment. However, with very few exceptions, there has not been a new basic control philosophy applied in this field in the past seven years. The philosophy has been […]
Solid Fuel in Pelletizing Shaft Furnace
The use of solid fuel in shaft furnaces to indurate iron ore pellets was originally considered a necessary evil, which the industry worked long and hard to eliminate. Since then changes have taken place in furnace design and operating practices that have led us to our suggestion that solid fuel additions could again be used. […]