Tar Sands Bitumen Extraction by a Hot Water Digestion Flotation
Tar sand deposits in the State of Utah contain more than 25 billion barrels of in-place bitumen. Although thirty times smaller than the well-known Athabasca tar sands, Utah tar sands do represent a significant domestic energy resource comparable to the national crude oil reserves (31.3 billion barrels). The term “tar sand” refers to a consolidated […]
Coal Washing by Jigs
The Greenwich Collieries Co. is a subsidiary of the Pennsylvania Mines Corporation, and a wholly owned subsidiary of the PP&L Co. which serves the northeastern portion of Pa. PP&L annually consumes about 11 million tons of coal per year and is the largest consumer of both bituminous and anthracite coal on the eastern seaboard. Sulphur […]
High-G Centrifuges
A great deal is known, in a qualitative sense, about the performance of High-G centrifuges. The manufacturers of these machines can give reliable guidance on the conditions necessary for the proper operation of their centrifuges and can give general estimates of the product moisture and recovery that can be expected. Quantitative estimates of the effects […]
Fluid Energy Grinding & Drying
High pressure fluid energy grinding, or jet milling, is a versatile method of continuously fracturing solids into fine particles to gain substantial increases in exposed surface area. Applications in the minerals industries include calcium carbonate, talc, barytes, mica, diatamaceous earth, bauxite, rutile, coal, kaolin, sepiolite, diamonds, etc. The underlying principle of all jet action fluid […]
High Speed Vertical Screw Bulk Unloading
The Siwertell screw unloader operates at an average rate of 600 t/h with a peak capacity of over 800 t/h. The unloader consists of three screw conveyors that dig the bulk cement from the hold and deliver it to the dockside belt conveyor. The unloader will be discussed in much greater detail later in this […]
Hydrophobic Coagulation
A novel ultrafine coal cleaning process has been developed at Virginia Tech that is capable of producing superclean products. Compared to other selective aggregation processes, such as oil agglomeration and selective flocculation, this process relies on the natural hydrophobicity of the coal surface to induce the selective coagulation of coal particulates in an aqueous suspension. […]
Extract Tantalum & Niobium from Pegmatites
The Bureau of Mines’ Intermountain Field Operations Center, Denver, CO; and the Bureau’s Salt Lake City Research Center, Salt Lake City, UT, jointly studied domestic sources of tantalum and niobium as part of the Bureau’s program to reduce national dependency on imported minerals and metals that have key uses in industry and defense. Presently the […]
How to Recycle Tungsten Carbide
Tungsten carbide (WC) is chemically a binary compound of tungsten and carbon in the stoichiometric ratio of 93.87% tungsten and 6.13% carbon. However, industrially the term usually implies cemented tungsten carbides (CWC); a sintered powdered metallurgical product consisting of very fine grains of pure tungsten carbide bound or cemented together in a cobalt matrix. The […]
Pilot Plant Graphite Deposit
Based upon diamond drilling of 100 holes the reserve is estimated at 2,300,000 tonnes containing 8% graphite. The ore is found in two zones. Both ore bodies open at depth and outcrop at the surface. They are separated by about 2000 ft. and occur in clearly defined zones on site as bands as wide as […]
Zircon Uses
Zircon Uses: Refractory minerals can be defined as minerals or synthetic inorganic crystal phases that have high melting points. Refractoriness has been defined by Committee C-8 of the American Society for Testing and Materials as ” the capability of maintaining the desired degree of chemical and physical identity at high temperatures and in the environment […]