The reagents now used in flotation consist of various acids or salts, which may be either electrolytes or nonelectrolytes, dissolved in water and some substance or combination of substances, which function as collecting or frothing agents. At times the only dissolved salts present are those naturally occurring in the water used. The general effect of … Read more
It is a common observation that the improvements introduced in practice since the first announcement of the cyanide process have been almost entirely mechanical. Although a good deal of study and research has been devoted to the chemical problems involved, the results obtained appear trifling in comparison. Few of the suggested modifications in the chemical … Read more
Before treating for arsenic it’s important to understand both arsenic composition and water chemistry. Arsenic (As) is a natural occurring mineral commonly found in clusters paired with sulfur and other heavy metals i.e.: iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), uranium and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Recent studies have shown that temperature variance in arsenic prone areas are known … Read more
Commercial copper SX reagents do not exhibit perfect selectivity. From typical acidic feed solutions, the most significant co-extracted impurity is ferric iron. The copper/iron extraction ratio for a given reagent operating in a countercurrent circuit will vary significantly with reagent content of the solvent, composition of the feed solution, organic/aqueous flow ratio, temperature, mixer retention … Read more
The removal of arsenic from water has been practiced for many years (8-11) but with the recent emphasis on clean water standards there has been renewed activity in relation to the problem. The methods which have been investigated include precipitation, co-precipitation, adsorption, ion exchange and liquid-liquid extraction but to date only precipitation and co-precipitation processes … Read more
Shellsol AB is a high boiling, high aromatic solvent derived from petroleum. It has good colour, low odour, a narrow distillation range and high flash point. It is complementary to Shellsol A, being very similar in many characteristics, but is higher boiling. The aromatic content is 99% by volume, the major constituents being in the … Read more
LIX 64N Reagent is a water insoluble mixture of substituted oximes, which form water insoluble complexes with metallic cations, principally copper. Chemical Reactions LIX 64N Reagent is a hydrogen ion donor, and its chemical reactions when used as a copper extractant may be compared to an ion exchange resin system operating on a hydrogen ion … Read more
Parameters Provided by DPG Research & Development Division Once the process route and correct Solvent Extraction Equipment type have been decided, the following are the basic design parameters that R & D can provide: Reagent and Diluent choice and composition. The composition of the organic phase and of the aqueous input streams enable the isotherm … Read more
The development of solvent extraction processes over recent years has led to their application on an increasing scale in metal extraction plants. The author’s company has recently been awarded a contract for the design of the world’s largest solvent extraction plant based on pump-mix mixer-settlers. The plant is designed to extract copper from a leach … Read more
Development of Suitable Reagents was Vital Key: Solvent extraction techniques were first applied to the recovery of metals for atomic energy projects in the decade 1945-55. They were subsequently applied to the large scale production of such refractory metals as hafnium and zirconium. Since then the technique has been applied to the recovery of the rarer … Read more