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Column Flotation Pilot Scale Testing

Flotation feed was obtained at the various preparation plants by diverting slurry from either the thickener feed, classifying cyclone overflow or fine refuse sump depending on the plant circuit. In each case, the slurry was obtained from a waste stream prior to any flocculant addition and stored in a 650 liter (170 gallon) agitated mix … Read more

Cryogenic Plant at Mining Metallurgical Processing Plants

In the 1940’s a top blown water-cooled oxygen lance was developed to inject oxygen into liquid iron. This process, the LD or BOF process technique, today is used in 65% of the world’s steel production, and represents the largest oxygen market for temperature enhancement in steel and non-ferrous smelting applications. There are three major approaches … Read more

Gallium Solvent Extraction

Recently, details of a study optimizing gallium and germanium extraction from zinc residues using H2SO4 leaches was published. In the process, filtrates containing gallium and germanium along with other impurities such as iron, copper, zinc, and cadmium are produced. The focus of this paper is the recovery of gallium from these solutions. It has been … Read more

Sodium Silicate in Phosphate Flotation

Some factors adversely affect the efficiency of anionic flotation of phosphate in the absence of sodium silicate, thereby decreasing the concentrate grade. Impurities originally present on the quartz surface might be responsible for this adverse effect, but the precipitates heterocoagulated onto the surface of quartz also appeared to play a role. Dissolved ions, especially Ca++, … Read more

Making Titanium Pigments

Chemical Processes-Pigment Grade Titanium Dioxide by Hydrochloric Acid Leaching The following reactions give the chemistry of this process: CaTiO3 + 4HCl = TiOCl2 + CaCl2 + 2H2O The titanium is in solution as TiOCl2. It is then hydrolyzed to TiO2 as follows: TiOCl2 + H2O = TiO2 +2HCl The hydrolysis is brought about by dilution … Read more

Screening Concentrate to Remove Contaminants

This was a unique idea; to use a size separation device in a mineral separation. As metallurgists, we were taught in school to use any physical property difference available to make the mineral separation. The idea was a departure from conventional processing flowsheets employed by the majority of mineral processing plants. Plant testing began with … Read more

Grinding Coal Water Slurry

The pilot mill used was 44 cm i.d. and 60 cm i.l. with a volume of 91,250 cm and was fitted with six one-half inch lifter bars. The ball charge was made up of 2,200 one-inch balls for a bulk volume of 36,500 cm³ (40% loading and a void volume of approximately 13,700 cm³ (38%). … Read more

MBT 2 Mercaptobenzothiazole Flotation Collector

To study the effects of collector and hydrogen ion concentrations on the floatabllity of sulfide minerals, a series of flotation experiments were conducted in which flotation recoveries as a function of pH were measured by flotation tests in a laboratory flotator. The results of flotation tests using -100 +200 mesh size galena particles as a … Read more

Iodine Gold Leaching

Over the last few years there has been an intense effort to identify lixiviants other than cyanide for gold and silver leaching. Bromide and iodide also exhibit the ability to form polyhalide complexes. This characteristic promotes the dissolution of Br2(s) and I(2)s in aqueous solution. Iodine reacts with iodide ion as follows: I(2)s = I2(aq)………………………………………………………..(1) I2(aq)+ … Read more

Improving Acid & Fluxed Pellet Metallurgical Properties

Production pellets from each Minnesota taconite operation were obtained for baseline metallurgical testing. Concentrate from several of the operations was obtained for more intensive studies. Bench scale pellets were produced using a balling tire and a mini-pot pelletizing furnace. The mini-pot has a .1 ft² area and fires approximately 2000 gms of green balls in … Read more