When excavating open-pit mines below the water table, two of the more important water-related problems potentially faced by mine operators is the amount of ground water that could flow into the pit and the effect of pore water pressure on the stability of the highwalls. The ability to predict the nature and magnitude of these … Read more
Zircon Uses: Refractory minerals can be defined as minerals or synthetic inorganic crystal phases that have high melting points. Refractoriness has been defined by Committee C-8 of the American Society for Testing and Materials as ” the capability of maintaining the desired degree of chemical and physical identity at high temperatures and in the environment … Read more
Refractories are commercial products created from nonmetallic minerals that possess the capacity to maintain their form and strength when subjected to highly elevated temperatures amid varying extremes of mechanical stress and chemical attack by hot gases, liquids, or molten and semi-molten substances. In the modern economies of the world, alumina (Al2O3), the oxide of aluminum, … Read more
Study of the behaviour of an ore during concentration by flotation process starts, in general, with a series of tests in laboratory cells. Given the discontinuous nature of these tests, the information obtained by such a study is somewhat limited. It has long been recognized that laboratory test results are not always reproducible in pilot … Read more
SMC’s smelting process is composed of a submerged-arc electric furnace and a top blown rotary converter (TBRC). The 1.5 MW rated furnace operates continuously while the 0.15 M³ TBRC is operated on a batch basis. Process flue gases are combined with tapping hood exhaust air and ducted to a gas cleaning system prior to release … Read more
Acid mine drainage sludge is produced when an acid drainage stream is treated with lime, sodium hydroxide, ammonium or sodium carbonate in order to neutralize the acidity of the solution. It was found that a sludge sample taken from southern West Virginia contained significant amounts of nickel, cobalt and manganese. Nickel was 0.26%; cobalt 0.21%; … Read more
The mining and mineral industries generate large amounts of fine particle slurries which are presently dewatered by impoundment, thickening, filtration or flocculation. Flocculation is a primary unit process that plays a major role in solid-liquid separation throughout the processing industry and waste water treatment facilities. The flocculation is carried out by agglomerating fine particles into … Read more
In testing and designing coal flotation circuits, there are still a lot of unanswered questions. It is still not clear whether it is better to work with the use of flotation feed obtained from a plant and then to cope with all types of sample storage problems, or to rely on a coarse coal sample … Read more
Stripping of gold and silver from carbon is effected by means of two main processes (AARL and ZADRA). The main rate-enhancing parameter in the stripping of gold and silver is temperature. A secondary rate-enhancing parameter is ionic strength. (1) Stripping is usually conducted within a solution containing sodium cyanide (0.1 – 0.5%) and caustic (1 … Read more
Canada is a producer of natural refractory minerals, electrofused minerals, and synthetic refractory minerals. Several deposits also have good potential for development. During the past two years three new graphite mines have been developed. The mines produce flake type graphite and they have a combined production capacity of about 55,000-60,000 t/y of concentrates that grade … Read more