Ultrafine Separation by Hydrocyclones

hydrocyclone radial manifold system

Over the past quarter of a century, the success of the hydrocyclone as a classifier in closed circuit grinding installations has permitted the introduction of the cyclone into virtually all fields of wet industrial processing. Research and experience gained in these applications have established the optimum cyclone sizes and designs necessary to provide the required […]

Hydraulic Mining: A Comprehensive Guide

hydraulic mining generalized geologic profile

In evaluating the quality of coal, Storm King Mines carried out two years of exploration drilling. This drilling has established in-place reserves in excess of 500 million tonnes in seams greater than 1 meter thick, having an energy content in excess of 2.84 x 10 7 J/kg.k. During the Fall of 1981, SKM conducted its […]

High-Intensity Roll Separator Using Permanent Magnets

roll-separator magnetic circuit design

High-energy product permanent-magnet materials of rare-earth cobalt alloys are being used in applications where space or weight are at a premium cost. New applications like friction-free bearings are also made possible. However, such magnet materials have not been commercially used in magnetic separators until now due to the high cost for the overall magnetic flux […]

Grinding Mill Cost

grinding mill conventional grinding flowsheet

A comminution circuit is an important integral part of a mineral processing plant. Nearly 40% of the capital cost and 30 to 40% of the operating cost are taken up by the crushing and grinding circuit. Therefore, considerable care should be given to the design and selection of this circuit. Autogenous, semi-autogenous, and conventional grinding […]

Grate Kiln System

grate kiln system

The economics of pellet plant operation, in terms of fuel and power consumption, flexibility in the selection of the cheapest fuel source, system availability, maintenance costs, and the simplicity of process design, contribute to the determination of building and profitably operating a pellet plant. Design innovations, supported by actual field data, have been initiated into […]

Ways to Recover Gold from Cyanide Heap Leach Solutions

cyanide heap leach solutions resin in column flowsheet

Cyanidation of gold and silver ores by conventional mining and milling techniques has been practiced for over a century. During the past decade, heap leaching has emerged as a viable process for treating certain gold and silver ores. The rapid development of heap leaching for gold and silver ores is largely a result of lower […]

Fluid Energy Grinding & Drying

fluid-energy-grinding-and-drying cross-section

High pressure fluid energy grinding, or jet milling, is a versatile method of continuously fracturing solids into fine particles to gain substantial increases in exposed surface area. Applications in the minerals industries include calcium carbonate, talc, barytes, mica, diatamaceous earth, bauxite, rutile, coal, kaolin, sepiolite, diamonds, etc. The underlying principle of all jet action fluid […]

Low Solubility Mineral Flotation

selective-flotation-soluble-minerals zeta potential

The objective of this study is to evaluate methods to improve the selectivity in flotation of the slightly soluble minerals, typified by calcite, fluorlte and scheelite. The separation of minerals within this class has long been one of the most difficult tasks facing the mineral processing engineer. The slightly soluble mineral class, as defined herein, […]

Remove Copper from Moly by Ferric Chloride Leaching

ferric chloride leaching plant flowsheet

The Anaconda Minerals Company operates a molybdenite and copper producing mine and mill facility near Tonopah, Nevada. Included with the milling facility is a ferric chloride leach plant for removal of copper mineralization from the molybdenite concentrates. Discussed are the engineering and construction schedules associated with the leach plant. The chemistry associated with the process […]

Vanadium & Uranium Extraction

extracting-vanadium-and-uranium equipment used in acid agitation leaching tests

Addition of vanadium to iron and steel gives improved product properties such as increased strength, improved machinability, reduced distortion, simpler heat treatment, better weldability, increased wear resistance, better control and uniformity of hardness penetration and gradient, smoother and better finishes, and reduced flaking or spalling of carburized surfaces. Consequently, vanadium-steel alloys are used in the […]