Many types of ore crushing and grinding equipment, such as hammer mills, rod mills, and ball mills, subject wear parts to repetitive impacts. The wear that results from fatigue, spalling, chipping, and fracturing can be more severe than abrasive wear. This is especially true of very hard alloys such as martensitic steels and alloyed white cast … Read more

A new and promising method for transporting raw materials from a mine is by pneumatic pipeline. This method uses a flow of air to transport solid particles of rock or ore through a pipeline. Lifting ore from underground to the surface pneumatically has great economic potential but is limited by severe wear problems. Pneumatic conveying … Read more

The pin-on-drum abrasive wear test involves high-stress, two-body abrasive wear. One end of a cylindrical pin specimen is moved over an abrasive paper, abrading material from the specimen and crushing the fixed abrasive grains. The wear is believed to simulate wear that occurs during crushing and grinding of ore-processes in which the abrasive particles are … Read more

When a lump of ore is crushed by the impact between two balls in a ball mill, it is considered high-stress, three-body abrasive wear. The abrasive wear of balls that results from the milling of ore is the major wear loss in most minerals processing plants. During the wet milling of ores, abrasive wear is … Read more

Gouging wear occurs in many mining operations , for example, where excavator teeth or loaders penetrate or drag over rock, and in jaw and gyratory crushers. Gouging wear is identified by the removal of a significant amount of material (a gouge) from the wear object after an encounter by the abrasive object in which the … Read more

Transporting minerals as a slurry is an efficient means of transportation and is done during many mineral beneficiation processes. However, the movement of slurries can cause significant wear to the slurry-handling equipment, especially in places where the flow changes direction. Wear caused by slurries is an economic concern of industry. Pumps, elbows, tee junctions, and … Read more

Many industrial materials are subject to high-velocity abrasive particles at elevated temperature. Wear of this type is found, for example, in hot dust collection equipment. In order to select and develop materials for high-temperature use and to study the basic mechanisms of hot erosion, a laboratory test is necessary. Much has been learned about erosion … Read more

Dry-particle erosive wear can be classified as low-stress, two-body wear, the same type as in the preceding test. It simulates the wear conditions that occur in pipes, cyclones, and other equipment that carry fly ash or other particulate matter in a gas stream. A standard practice for conducting a dry-particle erosive wear test has been … Read more

The Taber Abraser is a commercial wear tester designed to test the abrasive wear resistance of flat specimens of a wide variety of materials including coatings, paints, metals, plastics, paper, textiles, ceramic tile, and etched or printed material on glass. The wear condition can be classified as low-stress, two-body abrasive wear. The model 505 Taber … Read more

The dry-sand, rubber-wheel (DSRW) abrasion test apparatus simulates low-stress, three-body abrasive wear. This type of wear occurs in the mining industry in linkages, pivot pins, and wire ropes, which suffer slow wear from the sliding and rolling action of abrasive fragments of rock and ore trapped between metal surfaces. Because this type of wear is … Read more