This investigation has demonstrated that finely divided titanium metal, titanium lower chlorides, or a mixture thereof can be produced at a temperature between 105° and 205° C. in a continuous operation. The relative quantities of metallic titanium and lower chlorides produced by the reaction are dependent upon the ratio of the feed materials used. For … Read more

Although there are many potential ceramic uses for kaolinitic materials of the type occurring in the Eufaula district, this investigation has been limited to a study of their refractory properties. Sampling was restricted to deposits uncovered by bauxite-mining operations, and no effort was made to determine continuity of clay strata from pit to pit. Rather, … Read more

Numerous patents and references may be found that relate to studies of phosphate-rock defluorination processes. Most of these require sulfuric acid and heat, phosphoric acid and heat, or water vapor and heat for the defluorination reaction. One of the most thorough studies was made by K. D. Jacob and coworkers at the United States Department … Read more

This paper discusses the design and use of the ferric chloride trap. The operation is simple and self-adjusting. The rock-salt column is self-cleaning and will remove ferric chloride, other impurity chlorides, and dust from gaseous titanium tetrachloride. The losses of titanium are low, and the molten mixture is easy to handle. The trap is placed … Read more

Most mercury ores are directly roasted or retorted for recovery of metallic mercury without preliminary concentration. Recoveries are high, often approaching 100 percent; the cost is nominal. The tenor of domestic mercury ores, however, has been dropping steadily, so that the estimated average heads are now about 0.35 percent Hg or 7 pounds per ton … Read more

Aluminothermic or silicothermic processes used for the metallurgical production of chromium metal from chromium oxide yield a metal that may contain more than 99 percent chromium. A metal of this purity apparently meets all the requirements of the alloy industry, but the price is about three times that of chromium in the form of low-carbon … Read more

The mining and fabrication of structural and ornamental stones is a wide-spread industry involving the use of such rocks as granite, limestone, marble, sandstone, and slate. Granite is a medium- to coarse-grained igneous rock comprising chiefly quartz, feldspar, and either mica or hornblende. Limestone is classed as a sedimentary rock consisting essentially of calcium carbonate. … Read more

Sound ingots of Zn-Cu-Ti alloys can be semi-continuously cast under appropriate conditions. A modified mold design on a specially constructed, semi-continuous casting stand has permitted casting of ingots having adequate surface quality. With the experimental equipment described, pouring temperatures near 860° F (460° C) produced ingots with better surface quality than when a pouring temperature … Read more

The results of this research indicate that diffusion bonding of refractory metal compounds is a promising method for joining dissimilar materials. Fabrication of graded joins by vacuum hot pressing a mixture layer between two end materials proved to be very satisfactory for the joining of nitrides, carbides, and diborides of zirconium and titanium. Joint evaluation … Read more

After studying the factors which influence oil recovery from petroleum reservoirs and since the flow behavior of fluids in petroleum reservoir rock depends to a large extent on the properties of the rock, techniques of core study that yield new or additional information on the characteristics of the rock would contribute to a better understanding … Read more