Pyrometallurgy: Roasting, Smelting, Refining & Electrowinning

Pyrometallurgy: Roasting, Smelting, Refining & Electrowinning

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Started by Coins7112
Need assistance in identifying a cause of a tin bronze occurring in 1910/1911 Lincoln wheat cent. Flake like features on a small run of Lincoln wheat cents have been identified. SEM/EDX reading shows flakes reading higher than normal SN and ZN. Coppe...
Last replied to by SmartDog
The most likely reason would be poor control during the smelting proces allowing for poor mixing in the cupela or a batch of material with the wrong percentages in the mix. Another possibility would ...
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Started by OswaldP
Hello all, I am looking for someone who knows how to produce large quantities (thousands of tons) of dry (anhydrous) Iron-III-chloride (FeCl3). Any help is appreciated, thanks  
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Started by Markhb
Hello. I have approx 20oz of gold that I have inquarted with copper and digested with nitric acid, 2/3 water, 1/3 nitric. I have washed, dried and analyzed it using an Olympus XRF.My problem is the presence of tin which I have read cannot be removed ...
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Last commented on by Sunnyket
Same problem here please elaborate process
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Started by PhilN
I am a bullet caster and am being told by the very experienced smelters/casters that if I don't flux and stir the melt that as I scrape off the dross I am actually removing the tin and antimony possibly to the point of ending up with pure lead.  Bei...
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Last replied to by Jorge
It is important to know the metal quality. When lead is melted, it will become covered with a thick layer, which is removed, so as constantly to expose a fresh surface. This layer may content oxides o...
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Started by metallurgyfan
Here in the UK, borax does not seem to be available, I have read online that it's banned due to potential health hazards. The youtube videos i've seen all use borax when melting down gold powder. Is there an alternative to borax that I can use in the...
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Last replied to by Jorge
If a considerable amount of powder has accumulated, it should be mixed with saltpeter in the following proportions, 15-16 ounces of gold powder and 12-14 ounces of saltpeter. The crucible into which t...
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Started by gbrideau
Hi forum members,   I can't seem to be able to find much information about cupelling karat gold, as in 10k rings, for example. At what temperature should I cupel a 10k gold ring? I've noticed a few posts mentioning that gold should be cupelled at ...
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Last commented on by gbrideau
Thanks for replying, SmartDog. I understand that karat gold has a lower melting point due to the alloys but as the gold gets more pure with the process of cupellation, the melting point would rise. Th...
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Started by Reejay
Hello, I need help on the ways to improve the quality of the ash produced after incinerating fine carbon. We have introduced  drier to reduce moisture but still the ash contains so much fine carbon that is not completely combusted. Please can anyo...
Last commented on by SmartDog
You combust the carbon to release any trapped metals.
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Started by Woody
Hi All i have built a small drum to try and Ash Carbon which seems to work alright but needs to be tweaked. But was wondering if someone could help in the best way to get Au out of the Ash. Any help would be greatly appreciated 
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Last replied to by password
Hallo guys  im still not understand, can anyone explain to me well, "on how can i recover gold from the ashed carbon?  i need to the whole process i have 5000kg of ashed carbon containing a certa...
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Started by Usmodlover
Hello. I work as a patent examiner and am working on an application for an ironmaking sinter that specifies a certain reducibility index calculated from ISO 4695:2015 and ISO7215:2015 (format of #.##). I've noticed a lot of existing information exist...
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Started by Soar2cLLC
I seem to be losing half of my lead collector metal during my smelt. My smelt consitentcy usually needs several reapplications of borax after already adding in 2x the sample weight of borax and 1x the sample weight of champman Flux. Its usually a v...
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Last replied to by Jorge
If your sample has a degree of oxidation, try to add flour, which is the most commonly used reducing agent. It is used in samples with oxidation in order to reduce the litharge to molten lead for the ...
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Started by morin2001
Hi I’ve got a concentrate I have made with flotation, most free gold is already out by gravity. Now I have a concentrate of pyrite gold and a trace of copper but not much. There is no arsenic. I was looking for some advice on what would be the best...
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Last replied to by Jorge
It is possible to consider a roasting process as a pre-treatment to treat a flotation concentrate to eliminate Sulphur and liberate some tiny gold particles. The roasting product is called calcine and...
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Started by Doeba0ermo
Hello everyone!I was working on a side project and while working on it, I found I needed to think of a strong gold coloured alloy that isn't too dense but still quite durable. I am in no way a metallurgist, so I'm sorry if I use wrong terms or misund...
Last replied to by SmartDog
There are several metallic alloys that have a golden color some contain no gold (see pinchbeck), the main issue being what physical properties are you interested in as this makes a big difference.
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Started by benport
I put a handful of buttons in a 6" cupel and placed it in the furnace.  When I checked it the cupel had cracked and the melt gone inside the cupel.  What is the best way to recover it?
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Last replied to by Jorge
First and foremost, it is important to indicate that a high capacity for absorbing is the key consideration to select a cupel because a higher absorption capacity is required for a larger sample in or...
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Started by randy N
can anyone tell me how to refine the titanium disks in cpu i have 4 disks and am wanting to try  
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Last replied to by Jorge
I think, it is Important to know the titanium grade because a recycling process is not simple. For example, small traces of oxygen in the titanium will make the metal brittle. In the regular process, ...
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Started by Bhaduri
I need some input on design-engineering & ultimately EPCM US (overseas will work) based entities who have experience building up-to 50,000-mtpy spent catalyst recycling plants...both base (Mo, W, Ni, Co, V) & precious metal (Pt, Pd) spent catalyst ex...
Last replied to by SmartDog
Are you still looking for a consultant/EPCM for spent catalyst?  
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Started by randy N
i now have about 10 gallons of muriatic acid peroxide and water in 2, 5 gal. buckets and im sure my gold disolved with the tap water  i need help to recover my gold from the 10 gal of mixed liquids  and need to know what to buy and how to recover f...
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Last replied to by randy N
BTW  CAN ANYONE TELL ME HOW TO REFINE THE TITANIUM DISKS IN CPU"S   
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Started by TENET
Hello Friends, I am very glad to have found this forum. I hope the expertise here can shed some light on something I've been trying to research. In Japan, I found several old silver/ copper/ gold refineries. They were abandoned sometime in the late ...
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Last replied to by David
Melting points are not affected. Crush and grind your slag before passing it to a gravity separator (table or centrifuge). See what you recover and go from there. https://www.911metallurgist.com/equi...
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Started by Ashir hashmi
Hi everyone  I have a sulphide ore concentrated by flotation, contains au, PD, rh, ir (according to fire assay) I am looking to smelt the concentrates, any one can help?
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Last replied to by Wieslaw Wodecki
Jeżeli to jeszcze aktualne ... Jakoś ten temat wcześniej przeoczyłem... 1. Stężony HNO3. Gotowanie do zaniku NO2. Przefiltrować i odstawić do redukcji Pd  Redukcja Pd : kwas mrówkowy + s...
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Started by 7CHEESE8
I have refined gold with ar with success. I have gold silver amalgam that I'm not sure what the steps are to separate the metals.  Gold and silver amalgam come from where I'm working. I started by retorting the amalgam. I'm guessing a nitric bath. T...
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Last replied to by Nonoy Celera
Retort the amalgam to removed the hazardous mercury. The mercury-free sludge can be melted in an appropriate flux to slag-out base metals in the sludge. You will produce a silver-gold dore'. If you ne...
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Started by shaurytheseth
Currently we are refining raw god(old jewelry) using silver and nitric acid, and are able to achieve purity of 99.50%, but are not able to remove trace amounts of iridium, ruthenium and osmium. Fire assay method gives purity of approx. 99.50%, but XR...
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Started by plorenzi
Hydropore is a start-up company that has spun out of the University of Pennsylvania Materials Science and Engineering labs (www.hydropore.com). Our product is nano-porous aluminum which is made using an electrochemical de alloying process. The closes...
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Started by nshiva20
I would like to know in which form, the impurities used to present inside ETP copper and its effects on electrical conductivity.If its affects electrical conductivity,either impurity in solution affects more or in complex mixture affects more?
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Last replied to by Jorge
During the electrolytic process some metals are in competition in the reduction process. They are the arsenic, antimony, bismuth, nickel, cobalt and iron, which can be accumulated in the anode dissolu...
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Started by rachit
Hi all,  Does anyone know what can be done to avoid freezing issues or ore in silos in temperature as below as -40degrees celsius. We are using calcium chloride solution but it doesnt seem to be helping alot. 
Last replied to by SmartDog
The only thing that seems to work reliably is using heat tracing, but this can be expensive depending on the silo size. Also at -40 degrees you do not need to specify Celsius or Fahrenheit as they ar...
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Started by Gabriel
Hello everyone, could someone tell me a company that sells a complete solution for roasting + gas treatment? It's for gold ore. My need is to process 200,000t at a rate of 20 to 30 t / h, depending on the roasting capacity. I will use a maximum temp...
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Last replied to by Jorge
I think you should contact Outotec. They have good experience on roasting processes to treat different ores
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Started by platinum01786
I Currently have an aqua regia refining plant from italy which refines 15kg Gold at a time.after our refining process we notice that the gold we refine is normally between 999.6-999.9however the final surface of the gold has rough edges and has a dul...
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Last replied to by Wieslaw Wodecki
Au powder after reduction and digestion with HCl, rinsing with water, pour 5 - 10% NH4OH. Then rinse thoroughly with water before granulating. Probably the fogging can be due to AgCl which is dissolv...
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Started by Silverhair
I have 26 kg of pure silver nitrate I am going to make to metal using aluminum, copper or zinc metal. Which solution is easiest to dispose of safely? I want to refine the silver sludge using electrolysis. Will I have to dry it and melt it into an ele...
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Last replied to by Wieslaw Wodecki
Pure AgNO3 is already suitable for electrolysis without reducing silver with Zn, Cu, Al. 1H18N9T steel electrodes or similar. Voltage below 5V, preferably 0.5-2V.AgNO3 solution must be acidified with ...
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Started by keshab Meher
We want to do the calcination of Gypsum which is received in the form of Lumps and then crushed to the required size, which is in turn calcined and again grinded to get the desired particle size. The finished good is the Calcined Gypsum Powder of req...
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Started by Tom Cobett
We have extracted PGMs into an Fe matrix dore'. We would like to move the PGMs into a Cu dore'. What is an easy way to oxidize the Fe out of the furnace after we have melted Fe and Cu together? Will everything go into the Cu?
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Started by Jkleinhenz
 
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Last replied to by Jorge
If you are talking about assaying, it is possible to use citric acid to determine the presence and content of copper oxide minerals. Some labs in Chile use citric acid to perform sequential copper ana...
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Started by sanwalzafar
Hello Guys.   I am a researcher and I need to know what flux can we use to purify zinc dross 95% (containing 1-3% iron and 1-2% aluminum). Please suggest a flux that can be used to achieve 99% plus purity.    Thanks
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Started by Jorge Quintanilla
Good afternoon everyone. I hope none of you have had problems with covid, please take care. My query is about a rotary dryer for tin concentrate. I am working on an expansion project for the Colquiri mine in Bolivia. In a mine that has a technical au...
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Last commented on by Jorge Quintanilla
Thank You very much. You clarified the idea for me.
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Started by Adimulu
Dear All We ruining CIL plant ,  after stripping we wash the gold mud by nitric acid and then we add HCl to precipitate silver in the solution to form silver Chloride ,since the beginning We have collected about 6 tons silver chloride. We used to s...
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Last replied to by Todd H
There are a number of ways to do this.  You can convert the silver to metallic form with dilute sulfuric acid and iron fillings.  You can test this in the lab, you add an equal weight of iron (steel...
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Started by mehrdadtaheran
I am new to electrowinning and I want to start a setup in our center for working on zinc electrowinning. I do not know which type of potentiostat (the associated parameters)will be OK for a research project? If anyone can help, I appreciate that.
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Last replied to by Todd H
You will need to know the desired current density and the overvoltage required for your system.  You will need to use you cathode size to compute how much current you need based on you density and th...
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Started by Adimulu
Hello, We have silver chloride precipitate , we want to smelt it. Is there anyone who have smelted.   Regards,
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Last replied to by Wieslaw Wodecki
Suspended (very fine) silver in gelatin should fall off when heated and added water. 2. After adding plenty of warm water and dissolving the gel (turning the gel into sol), add the anionic floccul...
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Started by Shiff
Just a quick question that will most likely make me look new which I am. But can I use an ingot mold for both molten copper and silver Or would they contaminate each other? And same question with the crucible   Ben
Last commented on by SmartDog
There are several people on this site who can provide consulting help. But you need to be more specific. What do you need help with, where do you need help at, and are you looking hire someone or lo...

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